The aware, alert, avert strategy for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review Running title: A review of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Key words: HIV, AIDS, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, HAART, oral manifestations

Increased incidence of genital herpes after HAART initiation: a frequent presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients.

The goal of ARV therapy in immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals is immune reconstitution. However, an aberrant manifestation of this effect sometimes occurs. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), also known as immune restoration disease, refers to a diseaseor pathogen-specific inflammatory response in HIV-infected patients that may be triggered after:  Initiation or re-init...

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal cell-mediated immunity regulation in the Immune Restoration Inflammatory Syndrome

Over one third of the patients sero-positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with signs of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and under treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART), develop the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). It is not clear what variables are that determine whether a patient with HIV/AIDS will develop ART-related IRIS, but the best e...

Mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS presenting as osteomyelitis.

We report a case of osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) in an AIDS patient shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy with subsequent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). He improved after surgical debridement and treatment with clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, and low-dose corticosteroids. Antiretroviral therapy was not interru...

Disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis with laryngeal involvement in a setting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Introduction Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. We report a case of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis with mucocutaneous involvement in an AIDS patient paradigmatic of the multifaceted nature of the disease, which is an expression of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Patient presentation A 39-year-old man prese...